Abstract:
The article considers the key stages of urbanization processes in Kazakhstan in the XVIII–XIX centuries.
The processes of city formation of fortresses in the territory of Kazakhstan are considered. The features of the
construction of fortresses and military lines in general have been revealed and studied. Studying the history of
Kazakhstan cities in the XVIII–XIX centuries allows us to imagine how the economic life of urban settlements
was changing, under the influence of what factors these changes took place, what significance they had
for the population of cities and districts. Also, the article highlights the role of Kazakh historical figures in the
process of urbanization of Kazakhstan in the XVIII–XIX centuries. Considerable attention is paid to revealing,
both in common features, and the specificity of the socio-economic and cultural development of the
county towns of the region. The authors conclude that the colonial policy of the Russian Empire had a significant
impact on the transformation of the social and economic life of the population of the cities of Kazakhstan,
had an impact on the socio-cultural processes in the region, and changed the ethnic composition of the
urban population.
