Abstract:
On the basis of Russian and Kazakh archives materials discussed the process of implementation of new
methods of management in the economy of the traditional Kazakh society during the second half of XIX –
early XX centuries. under the influence of Russian administrative and land reforms, the penetration of
market relations in the Kazakh steppe, the resettlement of peasants from the central provinces of Russia.
The authors examine this process by the example of the central part of Kazakhstan, where the spread of
settled agricultural culture went less intensively in contrast to other regions of Kazakhstan. The reason for
this was the difficult climatic and soil conditions, a low percentage of the Russian population, prevailing
economic tradition. Particular attention is paid to the issue of land use in the Kazakh steppe, which was
directly linked to the policy of seizure of grazing land and the settling of the nomadic population, carried by
Russian administration. As a result of land and resettlement policy of the Russian state in the Kazakh steppe,
resulted in the seizure vast land spaces of pastoral economic circulation, distribution of settled agricultural
culture, nomadic pastoralism was to adapt to the changed socio-economic circumstances. This was
manifested in the change of the structure of the traditional herds, distributing intensive forms of farming and
the development of new methods of development of cattle breeding.
The author concludes that, resettlement and land policy of the Russian colonial administration in
Kazakhstan, based on the seizure of grazing and irrational use of soil resources, not only changed the course
of development of nomadic livestock farming, but also adversely affected the development of traditional
agriculture in the Kazakh steppe.
