Abstract:
In modern literature, the term "cluster" is understood in different ways, which is the recognition
of research-
ers to give a comprehensive definition is difficult. The term "cluster" is used in a variety of
forms in the con- text of the economic scope. On the basis of generalization of existing approaches
highlighted three broad de- finition of the cluster, which allowed him to clarify the essential
features and the most important conditions for the occurrence. In the high technology sectors of
industrial-innovative development of Kazakhstan the special role is played - innovation clusters,
industrial clusters, specializing in high-tech industries. Innovative cluster systems are
characterized by the features: the presence of a large company - the leader, the territorial
localization, stability relations of economic entities - participants of the cluster system, the
long-term coordi- nation of interaction between participants of the system within the production
programs, innovative processes, quality control. Presented structure of the functional interaction
of innovative economic subjects in cluster formations shows a set of economic development of
production cycles in the regional economy in the form of conditional formula: tradition -
investment - innovation - investment. Centralized model of economic organization prevailing in the
territories of Kazakhstan is characterized by the dominance of large-scale in- dustrial production,
combined in the corporate structure. However, at the present stage of development of the country
becomes the most promising network model of territorial and economic organization, based on the
mobilization of resources across the network by cluster development. The need for the creation of
regional clusters is predetermined by a pronounced regional context of the modern development of
the country. Re- gional grouping implemented on the basis factors such as innovation and patent
activity; human, private and social capital; regional accessibility; the regional concentration of
the business; GRP per capita. Carried out clustering regions of Kazakhstan allowed to identify the
main directions of improving their competitiveness.
